Plastic, as a widely used material, plays a crucial role in modern life and industry. They have various excellent properties and are suitable for various fields. The following are the properties and application examples of several common plastics.
Properties of plastics
1. Lightweight and high specific strength
The density of plastic is relatively low, usually between 0.9-2.3g/cm ³, only 1/8-1/4 of steel and 1/2 of aluminum. Some foamed plastics are even lighter, with a density of 0.01-0.5g/cm ³. Although lightweight, the specific strength of some reinforced plastics is close to or even exceeds that of steel.
2. Good chemical corrosion resistance
Most plastics have good corrosion resistance to chemicals such as acid and alkali. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is known as the "plastic king" and can withstand the corrosion of highly corrosive electrolytes, including "aqua regia".
3. Excellent electrical insulation performance
Plastic usually has excellent electrical insulation properties, low dielectric loss, and excellent arc resistance, which can be comparable to ceramics.
4. Excellent wear resistance and self-lubricating performance
Many engineering plastics, such as polyamide (nylon) and polyoxymethylene, have excellent wear resistance and self-lubricating properties, and are commonly used to manufacture friction resistant parts.
5. Transparency and protective performance
Some plastics such as polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) have excellent transparency and can be used to make transparent or semi transparent products. Meanwhile, plastic also has various protective properties, such as plastic film and plastic boxes, barrels, bottles, etc. commonly used for protective packaging.
6. Easy to shape and process
Plastic can be molded into various shapes of products, such as pipes, plates, films, and various mechanical parts, through heating and pressure (generally not exceeding 300 ℃), with high precision.
7. Other performance indicators
Plastic also has excellent noise reduction and insulation effects, excellent decorative properties, good processing and construction performance, and low energy consumption required for production.
Application examples
1. Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
-Applications: bowls, cabinets, pipe couplings, etc.
-Characteristic: It is permeable to gases and water vapor, but can resist various solvents at room temperature. However, its high coefficient of thermal expansion makes it unsuitable for processing products for long-term use.
2. PC/ABS
-Applications: Computer and commercial machine casings, electrical equipment, automotive parts dashboard, etc.
-Features: Combining the comprehensive characteristics of PC and ABS, such as the excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability of PC and the ease of processing of ABS.
3. Polyamide (PA)
-Applications: bearings, structural components, household appliances, electrical components, automotive industry, etc.
-Characteristics: Materials such as PA12 and PA66 have excellent electrical insulation, impact resistance, mechanical strength, and stiffness. Among them, PA66 can also maintain strong strength and stiffness at higher temperatures.
4. Polycarbonate (PC)
-Applications: eyeglass lenses, safety helmets, beverage bottles, etc.
-Characteristics: It has high transparency, high impact resistance, heat resistance, and good processing performance.
5. Polyethylene (PE)
-Applications: plastic bags, cling film, water pipes, etc.
-Characteristics: Lightweight, water-resistant, and chemically resistant, it is a common packaging and pipeline material.
6. Polypropylene (PP)
-Applications: containers, pipelines, automotive components, etc.
-Characteristics: Good chemical corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, strong impact resistance, suitable for making various durable products.
7. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
-Application: Insulation layer for wires and cables, building materials, plastic pipes, etc.
-Characteristics: It has good insulation, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and flame retardancy.
8. Bioplastics
-Applications: cling film, packaging materials, clothing, electronic product casings, etc.
-Characteristics: Mainly made of biodegradable materials such as starch, cellulose, polylactic acid, etc., environmentally friendly and can decompose in natural environments.
summary
Plastic plays an irreplaceable role in modern society due to its diverse properties and wide range of applications. However, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the research and application of biodegradable plastics are also receiving increasing attention to reduce environmental pollution.
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The properties and applications of various plastics
View：150 Release Date：2024/8/28 21:43:08