Why do forged parts perform better than parts produced by turning and casting? Forging, turning, and casting are three common metal processing methods, each with its own unique advantages and limitations. However, in most cases, forged parts often perform better than parts machined and cast. The reasons for this viewpoint will be discussed in detail below.
Unique advantages of forging processing
1. Reduce metallurgical defects:
During the forging process, metal billets undergo plastic deformation under high temperature and pressure, which helps to reduce or eliminate metallurgical defects that may exist in the raw materials, such as cracks, hot cracks, cold shuts, shrinkage, material shortages, and inclusions. The reduction of these defects can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the product and the stability of product quality between different batches.
2. Optimize grain structure:
During the forging process, the grain structure inside the metal will rearrange with plastic deformation, forming a denser and more ordered structure. The directional strengthening of the grain flow direction results in excellent impact resistance and fatigue resistance of the forged parts. In contrast, turning will cut off some grain flow, making the material more prone to fatigue and more sensitive to stress corrosion cracking. During the casting process, the grain flow is not significant, resulting in lower directional strength of the product.
3. Improve material performance:
Forging can not only reduce metallurgical defects, but also improve the strength and toughness of materials through deformation strengthening and other methods. According to research statistics, the material properties after forging can be improved by 30% in terms of strength and toughness compared to the raw materials before forging. The same component, forged compared to cast, will increase tensile strength by 26% and fatigue strength by 37%.
Limitations of turning
Turning is a process of cutting workpieces by rotating cutting tools. Although turning can precisely control the size and shape of parts, its improvement in material properties is relatively limited. During the turning process, the material is removed by cutting, which may result in uneven stress distribution inside the material, thereby affecting the overall performance of the part. In addition, turning machining usually generates a significant amount of cutting heat and cutting force, which may have adverse effects on the microstructure of the material.
Limitations of Casting
Casting is the process of pouring melted metal into a mold, allowing it to cool and solidify to form the desired shape. Casting technology has the advantages of high production efficiency and low cost, but it is often inferior to forging in terms of material properties. During the casting process, liquid metal may produce defects such as porosity and shrinkage during solidification, which can significantly reduce the strength and toughness of the parts. In addition, the grain structure of castings is relatively coarse and uneven, which also affects their mechanical properties.
conclusion
In summary, the performance of forged parts is superior to that of machined and cast parts, mainly due to the ability to reduce metallurgical defects, optimize grain structure, and improve material properties during the forging process. These advantages enable forged components to exhibit higher reliability and durability under complex working conditions such as pressure, impact, and fatigue. Therefore, in situations where high-performance metal components are required, forging treatment is usually the preferred processing method.
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Why do forged parts have better performance than machined and cast parts
View：367 Release Date：2024/8/29 21:38:07